The ReHo value in the lingual gyrus of the right hemisphere and the cuneus of the left and right hemispheres in the experimental group decreased after treatment. The MoCA score of patients in the experimental group increased the number of correct answers increased significantly in Stroop testing, and the number of errors and omissions decreased significantly the number of persistent errors decreased significantly and the time used to complete the test decreased to an even greater extent in the WCST experimental group. Results: rTMS relieved the mental symptoms of patients in both groups. Clinical assessments (HAMD, HAMA, DASS, MoCA), neuropsychologic (Stroop, WCST), and resting state fMRI and 1H-MRS assessments were executed at two time points-baseline and after the 10th rTMS session. A 10-session rTMS protocol was used with 10-Hz stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Patients were randomly allocated to either a sham or experimental group in a 1:1 ratio. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rTMS in patients with stress-related depression who were 18–40 years of age. Objectives: To reveal the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the improvement of cognitive function in patients with stress-related depression, and to enrich the neural mechanism(s) underlying rTMS so as to improve cognitive function in patients with stress-related depression. 4Department of Imaging, Hospital 984 of PLA, Beijing, China.3Biochemical Laboratory, Hospital 984 of PLA, Beijing, China.2Department of Psychiatry, Hospital 984 of PLA, Beijing, China.1Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.Yuxin Chen 1 Xiuzhen Li 2 Lubin Wang 1 Shushi Tian 3 Yuanwang Chen 2 Feng Wang 2 Kesheng Gu 2 Ying Wang 2 Guangkai Xu 3 Shangrong Zhang 2 Jie Liu 2 Haipeng Wang 2 Zongxin Jia 2 Liqing Li 4 Xiaohui Wang 2 Fang Xie 1 Xue Wang 1 Shida Wang 1 Cong Xue 1 Yun Zhao 1 * Lingjia Qian 1 *

Moca score test effect repeated